Unlike other subprojects, these require an overlay directory to include
meson rules to build the libraries. The rules are basically lifted
from tests/fp/meson.build, with a few changes to create platform.h
and publish a dependency.
The build defines are passed through a subproject option, and posted
back to users of the library via the dependency's compile_args.
The only remaining user of GIT_SUBMODULES and GIT_SUBMODULES_ACTION
is roms/SLOF, which is used to build pc-bios/s390-ccw. All other
roms submodules are only present to satisfy the license on pre-built
firmware blobs.
Best reviewed with --color-moved.
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Compared to submodules, .wrap files have several advantages:
* option parsing and downloading is delegated to meson
* the commit is stored in a text file instead of a magic entry in the
git tree object
* we could stop shipping external dependencies that are only used as a
fallback, but not break compilation on platforms that lack them.
For example it may make sense to download dtc at build time, controlled
by --enable-download, even when building from a tarball. Right now,
this patch does the opposite: make-release treats dtc like libvfio-user
(which is not stable API and therefore hasn't found its way into any
distros) and keycodemap (which is a copylib, for better or worse).
dependency() can fall back to a wrap automatically. However, this
is only possible for libraries that come with a .pc file, and this
is not very common for libfdt even though the upstream project in
principle provides it; it also removes the control that we provide with
--enable-fdt={system,internal}. Therefore, the logic to pick system
vs. internal libfdt is left untouched.
--enable-fdt=git is removed; it was already a synonym for
--enable-fdt=internal.
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
By using a subproject, our own meson.build can use variables from
the subproject instead of hard-coded paths. This is also the first step
towards managing downloads with .wrap files instead of submodule.
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Recent dtc/libfdt can use either Make or meson as the build system.
By using a subproject, our own meson.build can remove the hard
coded list of source files.
This is also the first step towards managing downloads with .wrap
files instead of submodule.
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Now that meson is installed from a vendored wheel, we don't need the git
submodule anymore. Drop it.
Signed-off-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20230511035435.734312-19-jsnow@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
It's been deprecated since QEMU v6.2, so it should be OK to
finally remove this now.
Message-Id: <20230209161540.1054669-1-thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Since QEMU 7.1 we don't support Ubuntu 18.04 anymore, so the last big
important Linux distro that did not have a pre-packaged libslirp has
been dismissed. All other major distros seem to have a libslirp package
in their distribution already - according to repology.org:
Fedora 35: 4.6.1
CentOS 8 (RHEL-8): 4.4.0
Debian 11: 4.4.0
OpenSUSE Leap 15.3: 4.3.1
Ubuntu LTS 20.04: 4.1.0
FreeBSD Ports: 4.7.0
NetBSD pkgsrc: 4.7.0
Homebrew: 4.7.0
MSYS2 mingw: 4.7.0
The only one that was still missing a libslirp package is OpenBSD - but
the next version (OpenBSD 7.2 which will be shipped in October) is going
to include a libslirp package. Since QEMU 7.2 will be published after
OpenBSD 7.2, we should be fine there, too.
So there is no real urgent need for keeping the slirp submodule in
the QEMU tree anymore. Thus let's drop the slirp submodule now and
rely on the libslirp packages from the distributions instead.
Message-Id: <20220824151122.704946-7-thuth@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
add the libvfio-user library as a submodule. build it as a meson
subproject.
libvfio-user is distributed with BSD 3-Clause license and
json-c with MIT (Expat) license
Signed-off-by: Elena Ufimtseva <elena.ufimtseva@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: John G Johnson <john.g.johnson@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jagannathan Raman <jag.raman@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Message-id: c2adec87958b081d1dc8775d4aa05c897912f025.1655151679.git.jag.raman@oracle.com
[Changed submodule URL to QEMU's libvfio-user mirror on GitLab. The QEMU
project mirrors its dependencies so that it can provide full source code
even in the event that its dependencies become unavailable. Note that
the mirror repo is manually updated, so please contact me to make newer
libvfio-user commits available. If I become a bottleneck we can set up a
cronjob.
Updated scripts/meson-buildoptions.sh to match the meson_options.txt
change. Failure to do so can result in scripts/meson-buildoptions.sh
being modified by the build system later on and you end up with a dirty
working tree.
--Stefan]
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Now that we allow compiling with Capstone v3.0.5 again, all our supported
build hosts should provide at least this version of the disassembler
library, so we do not need to ship this as a submodule anymore.
Message-Id: <20220516145823.148450-4-thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Correct the libvirt-ci repository URL to avoid this warning when
cloning / refreshing the submodule:
warning: redirecting to https://gitlab.com/libvirt/libvirt-ci.git/
Fixes: 4ebb040f1f ("tests: integrate lcitool for generating build env manifests")
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20220121154134.315047-3-f4bug@amsat.org>
Message-Id: <20220204204335.1689602-7-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
This introduces
https://gitlab.com/libvirt/libvirt-ci
as a git submodule at tests/lcitool/libvirt-ci
The 'lcitool' program within this submodule will be used to
automatically generate build environment manifests from a definition
of requirements in tests/lcitool/projects/qemu.yml
It will ultimately be capable of generating
- Dockerfiles
- Package lists for installation in VMs
- Variables for configuring Cirrus CI environments
When a new build pre-requisite is needed for QEMU, if this package
is not currently known to libvirt-ci, it must first be added to the
'mappings.yml' file in the above git repo.
Then the submodule can be updated and the build pre-requisite added
to the tests/lcitool/projects/qemu.yml file. Now all the build env
manifests can be re-generated using 'make lcitool-refresh'
This ensures that when a new build pre-requisite is introduced, it
is added to all the different OS containers, VMs and Cirrus CI
environments consistently.
It also facilitates the addition of containers targetting new distros
or updating existing containers to new versions of the same distro,
where packages might have been renamed.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20211215141949.3512719-8-berrange@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20220105135009.1584676-8-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
qemu.org is running out of bandwidth and the QEMU project is moving
towards a gating CI on GitLab. Use the GitLab repos instead of qemu.org
(they will become mirrors).
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20210111115017.156802-3-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
The vbootrom module is needed for the new NPCM7xx ARM SoCs. The
vbootrom.git repo is now mirrored on qemu.org. QEMU mirrors third-party
code to ensure that users can always build QEMU even if the dependency
goes offline and so QEMU meets its responsibilities to provide full
source code under software licenses.
Suggested-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Cc: Havard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200915130834.706758-4-stefanha@redhat.com>
QEMU now hosts a mirror of meson.git. QEMU mirrors third-party code to
ensure that users can always build QEMU even if the dependency goes
offline and so QEMU meets its responsibilities to provide full source
code under software licenses.
Suggested-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Cc: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200915130834.706758-3-stefanha@redhat.com>
QEMU now hosts a mirror of qboot.git. QEMU mirrors third-party code to
ensure that users can always build QEMU even if the dependency goes
offline and so QEMU meets its responsibilities to provide full source
code under software licenses.
Suggested-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200915130834.706758-2-stefanha@redhat.com>
This is a minimalistic boot ROM written specifically for use with QEMU.
It supports loading the second-stage loader from SPI flash into RAM, SMP
boot, and not much else.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Havard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@google.com>
Message-id: 20200911052101.2602693-7-hskinnemoen@google.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
It's been deprecated since QEMU v3.1. The 40p machine should be
used nowadays instead.
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hervé Poussineau <hpoussin@reactos.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200114114617.28854-1-thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
qboot is a minimalist x86 firmware for booting Linux kernels. It does
the mininum amount of work required for the task, and it's able to
boot both PVH images and bzImages without relying on option roms.
This characteristics make it an ideal companion for the microvm
machine type.
Signed-off-by: Sergio Lopez <slp@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Add OpenSBI version 0.4 as a git submodule and as a prebult binary.
OpenSBI (https://github.com/riscv/opensbi) aims to provide an open-source
reference implementation of the RISC-V Supervisor Binary Interface (SBI)
specifications for platform-specific firmwares executing in M-mode. For all
supported platforms, OpenSBI provides several runtime firmware examples.
These example firmwares can be used to replace the legacy riscv-pk bootloader
and enable the use of well-known bootloaders such as U-Boot.
OpenSBI is distributed under the terms of the BSD 2-clause license
("Simplified BSD License" or "FreeBSD License", SPDX: BSD-2-Clause). OpenSBI
source code also contains code reused from other projects desribed here:
https://github.com/riscv/opensbi/blob/master/ThirdPartyNotices.md.
In this case all of the code we are using from OpenSBI is BSD 2-clause
as we aren't using the Kendryte code (Apache-2.0) with QEMU and libfdt
is dual licensed as BSD 2-clause (and GPL-2.0+). OpenSBI isn't being
linked with QEMU either it is just being included with QEMU.
Signed-off-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Bin Meng <bmeng.cn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
qemu.org hosts git repository mirrors of all submodules. Update
.gitmodules to use the mirrors and not the upstream repositories.
Mirroring upstream repositories ensures that QEMU continues to build
even when upstream repositories are deleted or temporarily offline.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20190425145420.8888-1-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
The slirp project is now hosted on freedesktop at:
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/slirp.
The libslirp source was extracted from qemu/slirp filtered through
clang-format (available in project tree). The qemu slirp directory can
be swapped by a git submodule.
Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20190424110041.8175-3-marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
The roms/edk2 submodule can help with three goals:
- build the OVMF and ArmVirtQemu virtual UEFI firmware platforms (to be
implemented later),
- build the EfiRom tool on the fly, which is used in roms/Makefile, for
building the "efirom" target,
- build UEFI test applications (to be run in guests), for qtest support.
Edk2 commit 85588389222a3636baf0f9ed8227f2434af4c3f9 stands for the latest
"stable tag", namely "edk2-stable201811".
The edk2 repository tracks some binary files that should not be removed by
QEMU's top-level "make clean"; exempt the full pathnames from the "find"
command.
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Cc: Shannon Zhao <shannon.zhaosl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20190204160325.4914-2-lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
When you clone the repository without previous commit history, 'git://'
doesn't protect from man-in-the-middle attacks. HTTPS is more secure
since the client verifies the server certificate.
Also change git.qemu-project.org to git.qemu.org (we control both domain
names but qemu.org is used more widely).
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20181108111531.30671-5-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
These are BSD-licensed so we can add them as submodules.
Signed-off-by: Emilio G. Cota <cota@braap.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
It's the old, lgpl vgabios implementation.
Was left in as fallback when we switched to seavgabios, so we could
easily switch back in case we see regressions. It's unused since years
now, reportedly doesn't even build, and lacks support for recently (and
not so recently) added display devices.
Zap it.
Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Now that we have a mirror of this repo on git.qemu.org change the
submodule to use that and update it to latest commit which fixes a
dangling symlink and removes two big binaries that are not needed.
Signed-off-by: BALATON Zoltan <balaton@eik.bme.hu>
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
We have a mirror of the qemu-palcode repository on
git.qemu.org; use that instead of the upstream github,
in line with our general policy of keeping and using
a mirror for submodules.
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20180319131743.3885-1-peter.maydell@linaro.org
Do not require the submodule, but use it if present. Allow the
command-line to override system or git submodule either way.
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
The https://gitlab.com/keycodemap/keycodemapdb/ repo contains a
data file mapping between all the different scancode/keycode/keysym
sets that are known, and a tool to auto-generate lookup tables for
different combinations.
It is used by GTK-VNC, SPICE-GTK and libvirt for mapping keys.
Using it in QEMU will let us replace many hand written lookup
tables with auto-generated tables from a master data source,
reducing bugs. Adding new QKeyCodes will now only require the
master table to be updated, all ~20 other tables will be
automatically updated to follow.
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20170929101201.21039-4-berrange@redhat.com
[ kraxel: fix build ]
[ kraxel: switch repo to qemu.git mirror ]
Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Drop pixman submodule and support for the "internal" pixman build.
pixman should be reasonably well established meanwhile so we don't
need the fallback submodule any more. While being at it also drop
some #ifdefs for pixman versions older than what we require in
configure anyway.
Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20170905140116.28181-2-kraxel@redhat.com
The QemuMacDrivers project provides virtualisation drivers for PPC MacOS
guests.
Signed-off-by: Mark Cave-Ayland <mark.cave-ayland@ilande.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
This is the initial image of skiboot 5.3.7 (commit 762d0082) for
the PowerPC PowerNV (Non-Virtualized) platform. Built from
submodule.
Signed-off-by: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
This adds a special build of u-boot tailored for the e500 platforms we
emulate. It is based on the current version of upstream u-boot which
contains all the code necessary to drive our QEMU provided machines.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
qemu.org is held by a third-party and no core community contributor has
access to the DNS configuration. This leaves the website exposed to
outages due to DNS issues or IP address changes. For example, if the
web server IP address needs to change we cannot guarantee qemu.org will
point to it!
The newer qemu-project.org domain name is owned by Anthony Liguori
<anthony@codemonkey.ws>. You can confirm this by querying the whois
information. Also note that the #qemu IRC channel topic already
references qemu-project.org.
Short of having a dedicated legal entity to hold the domain name on
behalf of the community, qemu-project.org seems like the safest bet.
Let's replace references to qemu.org with qemu-project.org.
Note that git-submodule(1) does not detect URL changes. The following
commands clear out and re-initialize all submodules to ensure you are
using the latest URLs:
$ git submodule deinit . # you'll be warned if you have local changes
$ rm -rf .git/modules # also clear cached .git/ directories
$ git submodule update --init
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Message-id: 1381495958-8306-1-git-send-email-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@amazon.com>
Add dtc submodule as a fallback for old distros.
Picking version 1.3.0. as this is the most recently tagged stable version.
Signed-off-by: Peter Crosthwaite <peter.crosthwaite@xilinx.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Edgar E. Iglesias <edgar.iglesias@gmail.com>
Add pixman submodule as fallback for old distros.
Picking version 0.18.4. This is shipped by rhel6
and also the minimum version needed by spice so this
should serve well as baseline.
Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
The rom was not added together with the sgabios device and is
not installed.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Currently, the emulated pSeries machine requires the use of the
-kernel parameter in order to explicitly load a guest kernel. This
means booting from the virtual disk, cdrom or network is not possible.
This patch addresses this limitation by inserting a within-partition
firmware image (derived from the "SLOF" free Open Firmware project).
If -kernel is not specified, qemu will now load the SLOF image, which
has access to the qemu boot device list through the device tree, and
can boot from any of the usual virtual devices.
In order to support the new firmware, an extension to the emulated
machine/hypervisor is necessary. Unlike Linux, which expects
multi-CPU entry to be handled kexec() style, the SLOF firmware expects
only one CPU to be active at entry, and to use a hypervisor RTAS
method to enable the other CPUs one by one.
This patch also implements this 'start-cpu' method, so that SLOF can
start the secondary CPUs and marshal them into the kexec() holding
pattern ready for entry into the guest OS. Linux should, and in the
future might directly use the start-cpu method to enable initially
disabled CPUs, but for now it does require kexec() entry.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: David Gibson <dwg@au1.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
The relative URLs do not work when cloning a fork of qemu or when
cloning from the Savannah URL.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
SeaBIOS is a port of pc-bios to GCC. Besides using a more modern tool chain,
SeaBIOS introduces a number of new features including PMM support, better
BEV and BCV support, and better PnP support.
Signed-off-by: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Paolo Bonzini
John Snow
Thomas Huth
Jagannathan Raman
Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
Daniel P. Berrangé
Stefan Hajnoczi
Havard Skinnemoen
Marc-André Lureau
Sergio Lopez
Alistair Francis
Laszlo Ersek
Emilio G. Cota
Gerd Hoffmann
BALATON Zoltan
Peter Maydell
Richard Henderson
Mark Cave-Ayland
Cédric Le Goater
Alexander Graf
Andreas Färber
Richard Henderson
Peter Crosthwaite
Blue Swirl
Alex Williamson
David Gibson
Anthony Liguori