basically, this version of the code was obtained by starting with
rdp's work from his ellcc source tree, adapting it to musl's build
system and coding style, auditing the bits headers for discrepencies
with kernel definitions or glibc/LSB ABI or large file issues, fixing
up incompatibility with the old binutils from aboriginal linux, and
adding some new special cases to deal with the oddities of sigaction
and pipe syscall interfaces on mips.
at present, minimal test programs work, but some interfaces are broken
or missing. threaded programs probably will not link.
if libc.a is compiled PIC for use in static PIE code, this should not
cause the dynamic linker (which still does not support static-linked
main program) to be built into libc.a.
most importantly, the name for such libs was being set from an
uninitialized buffer. also, shortname always had an initial '/'
character, making it useless for looking up already-loaded libraries
by name, and thus causing repeated searches through the library path.
major changes now:
- shortname is the base name for library lookups with no explicit
pathname. it's initially clear for libraries loaded with an explicit
pathname (and for the main program), but will be set if the same
library (detected via inodes match) is later found by a search.
- exact name match is never used to identify libraries loaded with an
explicit pathname. in this case, there's no explicit search, so we
can just stat the file and check for inode match.
previously this was being handled the same as a library-specific,
dependency-order lookup on the next library in the global chain, which
is likely to be utterly meaningless. instead the lookup needs to be in
the global namespace, but omitting the initial portion of the global
library chain up through the calling library.
on arm, the location of the saved-signal-mask flag and mask were off
by one between sigsetjmp and siglongjmp, causing incorrect behavior
restoring the signal mask. this is because the siglongjmp code assumed
an extra slot was in the non-sig jmp_buf for the flag, but arm did not
have this. now, the extra slot is removed for all archs since it was
useless.
also, arm eabi requires jmp_buf to have 8-byte alignment. we achieve
that using long long as the type rather than with non-portable gcc
attribute tags.
no idea why gcc refuses to compile the C code to use a tail call, but
it's best to use asm anyway so we don't have to rely on the quality of
the compiler's optimizations for correct code.
the new version is largely the work of Solar Designer, with minor
changes for integration with musl. compared to the old code, text size
is reduced by about 7k, stack space usage by about 70k, and
performance is greatly improved by avoiding expensive calculation of
constant tables on each run.
this version also adds support for extended des-based password hashes,
which allow for unlimited key (password) length and configurable
iteration counts.
i've also published the interface for crypt_r in a new crypt.h header.
especially since this is not a standard interface, i did not feel
compelled to match the glibc abi for the crypt_data structure. the
glibc structure is way too big to allocate on the stack; in fact it's
so big that the first usage may cause the main thread to exceed its
pre-committed stack size of 128k and thus could cause the program to
crash even on systems with overcommit disabled. the only legitimate
use of crypt_data for crypt_r is to store the hash string to return,
so i've reserved 256 bytes, which should be more than sufficient
(longest known password hashes are ~60 characters, and beyond that is
possibly even exceeding some implementations' passwd file field size
limit).
on old kernels, there's no way to detect errors; we must assume
negative syscall return values are pgrp ids. but if the F_GETOWN_EX
fcntl works, we can get a reliable answer.
The long double adjustment was wrong:
The usual check is
mant_bits & 0x7ff == 0x400
before doing a mant_bits++ or mant_bits-- adjustment since
this is the only case when rounding an inexact ld80 into
double can go wrong. (only in nearest rounding mode)
After such a check the ++ and -- is ok (the mantissa will end
in 0x401 or 0x3ff).
fma is a bit different (we need to add 3 numbers with correct
rounding: hi_xy + lo_xy + z so we should survive two roundings
at different places without precision loss)
The adjustment in fma only checks for zero low bits
mant_bits & 0x3ff == 0
this way the adjusted value is correct when rounded to
double or *less* precision.
(this is an important piece in the fma puzzle)
Unfortunately in this case the -- is not a correct adjustment
because mant_bits might underflow so further checks are needed
and this was the source of the bug.
unicode char data has both "W" and "F" wide types and the old table
only included the "W" ones. this omitted U+3000 (ideographic space)
and all the wide-ascii, etc.
at the point pclose might receive and act on cancellation, it has
already invalidated the FILE passed to it. thus, per musl's QOI
guarantees about cancellation and resource allocation/deallocation,
it's not a candidate for cancellation.
if it were required to be a cancellation point by posix, we would have
to switch the order of deallocation, but somehow still close the pipe
in order to trigger the child process to exit. i looked into doing
this, but the logic gets ugly, and i'm not sure the semantics are
conformant, so i'd rather just leave it alone unless there's a need to
change it.
close was the only cancellation point called from popen, but it left
popen with major resource leaks if any call to close got cancelled.
the easiest, cheapest fix is just to use a non-cancellable close
function.
if the buffer is too short, at least return a partial string. this is
helpful if the caller is lazy and does not check for failure. care is
taken to avoid writing anything if the buffer length is zero, and to
always null-terminate when the buffer length is non-zero.
this one could never cause any problems unless the compiler/machine
goes to extra trouble to break oob pointer arithmetic, but it's best
to fix it anyway.
dynamic-allocation of the structure is not valid; it can crash an
application if malloc fails. since localeconv is not specified to have
failure conditions, the object needs to have static storage duration.
need to review whether all the values are right or not still..
if we eventually have build options, it might be nice to make an
option to dummy this out again, in case anybody needs a system-wide
disable for disk/ssd-thrashing, etc. that some daemons do when
logging...
large precision values could cause out-of-bounds pointer arithmetic in
computing the precision cutoff (used to avoid expensive long-precision
arithmetic when the result will be discarded). per the C standard,
this is undefined behavior. one would expect that it works anyway, and
in fact it did in most real-world cases, but it was randomly
(depending on aslr) crashing in i386 binaries running on x86_64
kernels. this is because linux puts the userspace stack near 4GB
(instead of near 3GB) when the kernel is 64-bit, leading to the
out-of-bounds pointer arithmetic overflowing past the end of address
space and giving a very low pointer value, which then compared lower
than a pointer it should have been higher than.
the new code rearranges the arithmetic so that no overflow can occur.
while this bug could crash printf with memory corruption, it's
unlikely to have security impact in real-world applications since the
ability to provide an extremely large field precision value under
attacker-control is required to trigger the bug.
for seekable files, posix imposed requirements on the offset of the
underlying open file description after a stream is closed. this was
correctly handled (as a side effect of the unconditional fflush call)
when streams were explicitly closed by fclose, but was not handled
correctly at program exit time, where fflush(0) was being used.
the weak symbol hackery is to pull in __stdio_exit if either of
__toread or __towrite is used, but avoid calling it twice so we don't
have to keep extra state. the new __stdio_exit is a streamlined fflush
variant that avoids performing any unnecessary operations and which
never unlocks the files or open file list, so we can be sure no other
threads write new data to a stream's buffer after it's already
flushed.
there is no need/use for a flush hook. the write function serves this
purpose already. i originally created the hook for implementing mem
streams based on a mistaken reading of posix, and later realized it
wasn't useful but never removed it until now.
the old behavior was to only consider a stream to be "reading" or
"writing" if it had buffered, unread/unwritten data. this reportedly
differs from the traditional behavior of these functions, which is
essentially to return true as much as possible without creating the
possibility that both __freading and __fwriting could return true.
gnulib expects __fwriting to return true as soon as a file is opened
write-only, and possibly expects other cases that depend on the
traditional behavior. and since these functions exist mostly for
gnulib (does anything else use them??), they should match the expected
behavior to avoid even more ugly hacks and workarounds...
this is required in case dtors use stdio.
also remove the old comments; one was cruft from when the code used to
be using function pointers and conditional calls, and has little
motivation now that we're using weak symbols. the other was just
complaining about having to support dtors even though the cost was
made essentially zero in the non-use case by the way it's done here.
Rich Felker
nsz