it's unclear from the specification whether the word "consumes" in
"consumes more than four bytes to represent a year" refers just to
significant places or includes leading zeros due to field width
padding. however the examples in the rationale indicate that the
latter was the intent. in particular, the year 270 is shown being
formatted by %+5Y as +0270 rather than 00270.
previously '+' prefixing was implemented just by comparing the year
against 10000. instead, count the number of significant digits and
padding bytes to be added, and use the total to determine whether to
apply the '+' prefix.
based on testing by Dennis Wölfing.
the code to strip initial sign and leading zeros inadvertently
stripped all the zeros and the subsequent '-' separating the month.
instead, only strip sign characters from the very first position, and
only strip zeros when they are followed by another digit.
based on testing by Dennis Wölfing.
notes by maintainer:
both C and POSIX use the term UTC to specify related functionality,
despite POSIX defining it as something more like UT1 or historical
(pre-UTC) GMT without leap seconds. neither specifies the associated
string for %Z. old choice of "GMT" violated principle of least
surprise for users and some applications/tests. use "UTC" instead.
notes added by maintainer:
the '-' specifier allows default padding to be suppressed, and '_'
allows padding with spaces instead of the default (zeros).
these extensions seem to be included in several other implementations
including FreeBSD and derivatives, and Solaris. while portable
software should not depend on them, time format strings are often
exposed to the user for configurable time display. reportedly some
python programs also use and depend on them.
commit a6054e3c94 changed this function
not to take an argument, but the weak definition used by timer_create
was not updated to match.
reported by Pascal Cuoq.
POSIX requires ctime_r return a null pointer on failure, which can
occur if the input time_t value is not representable in broken down
form.
based on patch by Alexander Monakov.
ctime passes the result from localtime directly to asctime. But in case
of error, localtime returns 0. This causes an error (NULL pointer
dereference) in asctime.
based on patch by Omer Anson.
POSIX defines getdate error #5 as:
"An I/O error is encountered while reading the template file."
POSIX defines getdate error #7 as:
"There is no line in the template that matches the input."
This change correctly disambiguates between the two error conditions.
the time of day at which daylight time switches over is specified in
local time in the dst state prior to the transition. the code for
handling this wrongly assumed it needed to switch whether dst or
standard offset is applied to the transition time when the dst end
date is before the dst start date (souther hemisphere summer), but in
fact the end transition time should always be adjusted for dst, and
the start transition time should always be adjusted for standard time.
commit 583ea83541 fixed the case where
tm_year is negative but the resulting year (offset by 1900) was still
positive, which is always the case for time_t values that fit in 32
bits, but not for arbitrary inputs.
based on an earlier patch by Julien Ramseier which was overlooked at
the time the previous fix was applied.
the overflow check for years+100 did not account for the extra
year computed from the remaining months. instead, perform this
check after obtaining the final number of years.
posix requires that EINVAL be returned if the first parameter specifies
the cpu-time clock of the calling thread (CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID).
linux returns ENOTSUP instead so we handle this.
these changes are motivated by a functionally similar patch by Hauke
Mehrtens to address the needs of the new mips vdso clock_gettime,
which wrongly fails with ENOSYS rather than falling back to making a
syscall for clock ids it cannot handle from userspace. in the process
of preparing to handle that case, it was noticed that the old
clock_gettime use of the vdso was actually wrong with respect to error
handling -- the tail call to the vdso function failed to set errno and
instead returned an error code.
since tail calls to vdso are no longer possible and since the plain
syscall code is now needed as a fallback path anyway, it does not make
sense to use a function pointer to call the plain syscall code path.
instead, it's inlined at the end of the main clock_gettime function.
the new code also avoids the need to test for initialization of the
vdso function pointer by statically initializing it to a self-init
function, and eliminates redundant loads from the volatile pointer
object.
finally, the use of a_cas_p on an object of type other than void *,
which is not permitted aliasing, is replaced by using an object with
the correct type and casting the value.
strftime results are unspecified in this case, but should not invoke
undefined behaviour.
tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_mon and tm_year fields were used in signed int
arithmetic that could overflow.
based on patch by Szabolcs Nagy.
as found and reported by Brian Mastenbrook, the expressions
400*qc_cycles and years+100 in __secs_to_tm were both subject to
integer overflow for extreme values of the input t.
this patch by Szabolcs Nagy fixes the code by switching to larger
types, and matches the original intent I had in mind when writing this
code.
The value of *size is not relevant in case of failure, but it's
better not to copy garbage from the stack into it.
(The compiler cannot see through the syscall, so optimization
was not affected by the unspecified value).
tm_gmtoff is a nonstandard field, but on historical systems which have
this field, it stores the offset of the local time zone from GMT or
UTC. this is the opposite of the POSIX extern long timezone object and
the offsets used in POSIX-form TZ strings, which represent the offset
from local time to UTC. previously we were storing these negated
offsets in tm_gmtoff too.
programs which only used this field indirectly via strftime were not
affected since strftime performed the negation for presentation.
however, some programs and libraries accesse tm_gmtoff directly and
were obtaining negated time zone offsets.
this improves compatibility with the behavior of other systems and
with some applications which set an empty TZ var to disable use of
local time by mktime, etc.
the memory model we use internally for atomics permits plain loads of
values which may be subject to concurrent modification without
requiring that a special load function be used. since a compiler is
free to make transformations that alter the number of loads or the way
in which loads are performed, the compiler is theoretically free to
break this usage. the most obvious concern is with atomic cas
constructs: something of the form tmp=*p;a_cas(p,tmp,f(tmp)); could be
transformed to a_cas(p,*p,f(*p)); where the latter is intended to show
multiple loads of *p whose resulting values might fail to be equal;
this would break the atomicity of the whole operation. but even more
fundamental breakage is possible.
with the changes being made now, objects that may be modified by
atomics are modeled as volatile, and the atomic operations performed
on them by other threads are modeled as asynchronous stores by
hardware which happens to be acting on the request of another thread.
such modeling of course does not itself address memory synchronization
between cores/cpus, but that aspect was already handled. this all
seems less than ideal, but it's the best we can do without mandating a
C11 compiler and using the C11 model for atomics.
in the case of pthread_once_t, the ABI type of the underlying object
is not volatile-qualified. so we are assuming that accessing the
object through a volatile-qualified lvalue via casts yields volatile
access semantics. the language of the C standard is somewhat unclear
on this matter, but this is an assumption the linux kernel also makes,
and seems to be the correct interpretation of the standard.
previously, the hours were considered as a signed quantity while
minutes and seconds were always treated as positive offsets. however,
semantically the '-' sign should negate the whole hh:mm:ss offset.
this bug only affected timezones east of GMT with non-whole-hours
offsets, such as those used in India and Nepal.
the way this is implemented, it also allows explicit setting of
TZ=/etc/localtime even for suid programs. this is not a problem
because /etc/localtime is a trusted path, much like the trusted
zoneinfo search path.
such archs are expected to omit definitions of the SYS_* macros for
syscalls their kernels lack from arch/$ARCH/bits/syscall.h. the
preprocessor is then able to select the an appropriate implementation
for affected functions. two basic strategies are used on a
case-by-case basis:
where the old syscalls correspond to deprecated library-level
functions, the deprecated functions have been converted to wrappers
for the modern function, and the modern function has fallback code
(omitted at the preprocessor level on new archs) to make use of the
old syscalls if the new syscall fails with ENOSYS. this also improves
functionality on older kernels and eliminates the incentive to program
with deprecated library-level functions for the sake of compatibility
with older kernels.
in other situations where the old syscalls correspond to library-level
functions which are not deprecated but merely lack some new features,
such as the *at functions, the old syscalls are still used on archs
which support them. this may change at some point in the future if or
when fallback code is added to the new functions to make them usable
(possibly with reduced functionality) on old kernels.
open is handled specially because it is used from so many places, in
so many variants (2 or 3 arguments, setting errno or not, and
cancellable or not). trying to do it as a function would not only
increase bloat, but would also risk subtle breakage.
this is the first step towards supporting "new" archs where linux
lacks "old" syscalls.
%C, %U, %W, and %y handling were completely missing; %C wrongly
fell-through to unrelated cases, and the rest returned failure. for
now, they all parse numbers in the proper forms and range-check the
values, but they do not store the value anywhere.
it's not clear to me whether, as "derived" fields, %U and %W should
produce any result. they certainly cannot produce a result unless the
year and weekday are also converted, but in this case it might be
desirable for them to do so. clarification is needed on the intended
behavior of strptime in cases like this.
%C and %y have well-defined behavior as long as they are used together
(and %y is defined by itself but may change in the future).
implementing them (including their correct interaction) is left as a
later change to be made.
finally, strptime now rejects unknown/invalid format characters
instead of ignoring them.
previously, setting TZ to the pathname of a file which was not a valid
zoneinfo file would usually cause programs using local time zone based
operations to crash. the new code checks the file size and magic at
the beginning of the file, which seems sufficient to prevent
accidental misconfiguration from causing crashes. attempting to make
fully-robust validation would be futile unless we wanted to drop use
of mmap (shared zoneinfo) and instead read it into a local buffer,
since such validation would be subject to race conditions with
modification of the file.
since the form TZ=name is reserved for POSIX-form time zone strings,
TZ=:name needs to be used when the zoneinfo filename is in the
top-level zoneinfo directory and therefore does not contain a slash.
previously the leading colon was merely dropped, making it impossible
to access such zones without a full absolute pathname.
changes based on patch by Timo Teräs.
the vdso symbol lookup code is based on the original 2011 patch by
Nicholas J. Kain, with some streamlining, pointer arithmetic fixes,
and one symbol version matching fix.
on the consumer side (clock_gettime), per-arch macros for the
particular symbol name and version to lookup are added in
syscall_arch.h, and no vdso code is pulled in on archs which do not
define these macros. at this time, vdso is enabled only on x86_64.
the vdso support at the dynamic linker level is no longer useful to
libc, but is left in place for the sake of debuggers (which may need
the vdso in the link map to find its functions) and possibly use with
dlsym.
this practice came from very early, before internal/syscall.h defined
macros that could accept pointer arguments directly and handle them
correctly. aside from being ugly and unnecessary, it looks like it
will be problematic when we add support for 32-bit ABIs on archs where
registers (and syscall arguments) are 64-bit, e.g. x32 and mips n32.
these functions were spuriously failing in the case where the buffer
size was exactly the number of bytes/characters to be written,
including null termination. since these functions do not have defined
error conditions other than buffer size, a reasonable application may
fail to check the return value when the format string and buffer size
are known to be valid; such an application could then attempt to use a
non-terminated buffer.
in addition to fixing the bug, I have changed the error handling
behavior so that these functions always null-terminate the output
except in the case where the buffer size is zero, and so that they
always write as many characters as possible before failing, rather
than dropping whole fields that do not fit. this actually simplifies
the logic somewhat anyway.
it's not clear why I originally wrote O_NOFOLLOW into this; I suspect
the reason was with an aim of making the function more general for
mapping partially or fully untrusted files provided by the user.
however, the timezone code already precludes use of absolute or
relative pathnames in suid/sgid programs, and disallows .. in
pathnames which are relative to one of the system timezone locations,
so there is no threat of opening a symlink which is not trusted by
appropriate user. since some users may wish to put symbolic links in
the zoneinfo directories to alias timezones, it seems preferable to
allow this.
the rest of the code is not prepared to handle an empty TZ string, so
falling back to __gmt ("GMT"), just as if TZ had been blank or unset,
is the preferable action.
if sizeof(time_t) == 8, this code path was missing the correct
offset into the zoneinfo file, using the header magic to do
offset calculations.
the 6 32bit fields to be read start at offset 20.
Rich Felker
Jens Gustedt
Natanael Copa
Timo Teräs
A. Wilcox
Julien Ramseier
Daniel Sabogal
Hannu Nyman
Daniel Sabogal
Szabolcs Nagy
rofl0r